The Function Analysis System Technique Construction Essay

The Function Analysis System Technique Construction Essay I have been employed by the University of Salford as a project management consultant. The University is considering constructing a new building call Clifford Whitworth library building 2(CWLB2) This new building will be identical to the existing Clifford Whitworth Library Building (CWLB1) and will be attached to the north end of the conference centre building next to CWLB1 on an existing grassed area. The new Clifford withworth library building will be a mirror image of CWLB1 with regard to its horizontal plan and height dimensions. In this situation, the University is keen to maximise value or eliminating any unnecessary costs on any new building projects when the current economic climate is given. It also wants an environmentally sustainable building which can obtain a high BREEAM rating The picture in above show the current Clifford Whitworth Library existing building and the new proposed library building. Project brief for Task A In this Task, I have to produce a report such as value engineering analysis of the existing CWLB 1 building and identified of functional components of the building with approximate cost breakdown and 80/20 histogram, other than that, I have to analyse the 4 major components such as roof, floor and wall etc. And detail analysis in combined scoring matrix of 1 major component, with explanation and justification of criteria and alternatives. The cost plan show at the below is the cost for Clifford whitworth Library building 1 is  £ 5,417,936.52. In this project, I have use BCIS analysis 21757, 22865 and 21620 to analyze the cost of element or price per meter square for this specification material. In lieu of this I have used external quotations for a number of the elements, and Spons Architectural Price Book 2010 for the balance. The Clifford Whitworth Library building 1 project taken in BCIS which located at Greater Manchester. The cost analysis will therefore need general adjustments for inflation and location factors. Inflation can be dealt with by using a tender price . According to the BCIS for Elemental analysis number 21757 in 2002, the cost per m2 for roof is  £42.43 and the cost is  £12,134, The Tender price value show the proposed project from the BCIS is 182(1Q2002) and the current is 209(4Q2010) .The variation factors are currently 91 for Greater Manchester and 107 for the Berkshire. All these data can be obtained from BCIS. Using the above information, the cost analysis can be adjusted as follows: Updated cost analysis = cost analyisis X current tender price index/regional price tender X Greater Manchester regional index/ Berkshire regional index = 42.43 X 209/182 X 91/107 Revised Cost analysis =  £41.44 x 5381.52 m2 =  £ 223,010.19 Specification for cost plan Clifford Whitworth Library Building 1 Element Specification 1 Substructure PCC driven piles. Concrete pile caps, ground beams and 150mm slab. 2A Frame PCC columns supporting upper floor; steel/timber supporting rafters. 2B Upper floors RC upper floors on permanent formwork. 2C Roof 270m2 mono-pitched metal clad library roof; 69m2 metal clad plywood decking on timber rafters. Langley roofing to entrance (25m2). Aluminium rainwater pipes. 2D Stairs Ditto, basement to second floor 2E External walls Rendered block/block walls; larch Rainscreen cladding; double glazed aluminium curtain walling. 2F Windows and external doors Double glazed powder coated aluminium windows. Oak panelled entrance doors; aluminium louvred doors to plant room. 2G Internal walls and partitions Block and metal stud partitions. PCC walls to lift and stairs; 2No glazed timber lightwells to 1st floor. 2H Internal doors Ash veneered flush doors. 3A Wall finishes Plaster and emulsion; high level acoustic panels. 3B Floor finishes Vinyl sheet, tufted loop pile carpet and non-slip ceramic tile floorings. 3C Ceiling finishes Veneer to underside of roof panels. Plasterboard, timber and other suspended ceilings. 4 Fittings Fittings 5A Sanitary appliances White vitreous china sanitaryware; Doc M pack. 5C Disposal installations Soil and waste pipes. 5D Water installations Hot and cold water services. 5F Space heating and air treatment Gas fired low temperature hot water central heating. Air handling unit and VRV air conditioning. 5G Ventilating systems Extract ventilation to toilets and kitchen. Natural ventilation. 5H Electrical installations Electric light and power. Emergency lighting. 5J Lift and conveyor installations 10-person, 800kg; 3 stops; 0.75m/s; 5K Protective installations Lightning protection. 5L Communications installations Fire detection and alarm. CCTV, data and telephone cables; PA. 5M Special installations Rainwater harvesting; BMS. 5N Builders work in connection Builders work in connection with services. 6A Site works Excavation to reduce levels. Concrete block paviours. 6B Drainage Foul and surface water drainage. 6C External services Gas, water, electricity mains. External lighting. 7 Preliminaries 8% of remainder of Contract Sum (excluding Contingencies). 8 Contingencies 4.41% of remainder of Contract Sum (excluding Preliminaries). Histogram The Histogram for old Clifford Whitworth library building 1 show that the percentage from the element of the total cost of the building, the histogram show that the electrical installation cost the most in Clifford Withworth Library Building, they cost 9.54% of the total cost of the building, they cost  £516,787.37. External walls are ranked second in the chart, they cost 9.33% of the total cost of the building, they cost  £505,432.36. Frame is the third highest in the chart, they cost 9.29% of the total cost of the building. The Fitting and furnishings are the lowest percentage of the Clifford Withworth library building 1, they cost only 0.11% of the 100% of the building, they cost only  £6,027.30, the Disposal Installation are the second lowest in the chart, they cost only 0.20% of the building, last but not least, Gas installation are the third lowest in the chart, they cost approximately 0.21 % The 4 major components i choose is roof, external wall, framce and upper floor. Function Analysis System Technique (F.A.S.T. Diagram) in Roof Aluminium Timber Material Precast concrete Rain Protect the building Heat, sunlight Acquire medium BREEAM rating Sustainably Roof Heat insulation Cold Noise Durability Cost Life Cycle Cost According to the FAST diagram, roof most common material is Aluminium and precast concrete, Steel and timber. Most of the Roof are normally protects against the rain, other than that, the roof also can protect the sunlight or heat and wind, the rating BREEAM for Sustainably will be medium. The insulation of the Roof is they can prevent the heat, cold and the noise. F.A.S.T. Diagram in External wall Roof Support Ceiling Area Protect the building External Wall Acquire high BREEAM Building Sustainably Noise Insulation Durability Cost According to the FAST diagram, External wall use to support the Roof and ceiling, they also can protect the building area when external wall have installed. The rating BREEAM Building for the suitainably is high. They also have a advantages on the insulation, they can prevent the noise and wind F.A.S.T. Diagram in Frame Timber Reinforced concrete material Steel construction Frame Fast Good in fire resistance sustainable design easier navigation maintain According to the FAST diagram, Frame most common material is Timber, Reinforced concrete and steel, frame are very fast in construction process, they are very good in sustainable and last but not least, frame also can make the easier to navigate and the frame also can make it easier to design and maintain your site. F.A.S.T Diagram in upper floor. Timber Reinforced Concrete Material Steel Sound Insulation Upper floor Fast Construction Good in fire resistance Sustainable According to the FAST diagram, Upper floor most common material is timber, reinforced concrete and steel, Upper floor are very good insulation in Sound, the Upper floor are very fast in construction process, they are very good in fire resistance and sustainable. Combined Scoring matrix in the external wall Critiria Combined matrix A Initial Cost A2 B Maintenance Cost A4 B3 A3 C Aesthetics B2 A2 D3 B2 A3 D Insulation properties E2 B3 D2 F2 E Time for construction D2 E2 F Durability G G F E D C B A Exterior wall Alternatives Raw score ( ) ( 2 ) ( 2+2 ) ( 2+2+3 ) (0) (3+2+2+3) (2+4+3++2+3) 2 4 7 0 10 14 Analysis matrix Weight of importance (1-10) 1 3 5 1 7 10 1 Glazed curtain wall 2 3 3 4 1 1 47 2 9 15 4 7 10 3 Metal panel 2 3 3 3 1 2 56 2 9 15 3 7 20 4 Solid concrete block wall 3 2 4 2 4 3 89 3 6 20 2 28 30 According to the combined scoring matrix, we are concerned more on the cost and time instead of design in Clifford Whitworth library building 1, the combined scoring matrix show that which type of the external wall is the best choice for the new proposal building in term of the criteria matrix, In the end, the brick and block wall are the best choice for alternative to proposed the new Clifford whitworth library building with a score of 89 points. Project brief for task 2 In this report, we have to do the new proposal for the 4 components which selected in task 1 to improve the quality and cost of the building to propose the new Clifford Whitworth Library Building with explanation, structure and presentation. The 4 major components to propose the new building is roof, external wall, frame and upper floor. Roof Reinforced concrete are the best choice for the new Clifford Whitworth Library building, they are construct in the similar way as reinforced concrete floors beam and insitu cast concrete slab. Roofs are normally to support the self weight of the roof together with loading from heat, snow and rain, the roof also can prevent the wind pressure as well. The concrete roofs are normally constructed in flat roof, and library has no doubt to construct in flat roof. R.Greeno (2007) stated that The Strength for the reinforced concrete itself has compressive strength. The crushing strength of normal concrete will depend on its composition. The concrete are normally weak in tension, its strength in this respect being only one fourteenth to one eighth of its compressive strength. Wall According to the Combined scoring matrix, solid concrete block wall are the best choice to proposed the new building. A solid concrete block wall is the filled solid with concrete and lightweight concrete blocks. As different to produce a concrete wall where the wall must be created from wood and poured with concrete, then the forms have to be removed, then the concrete block wall can be constructed more fast and easier because of the material construction. The solid concrete block wall have many advantages such as the wall is very solid in sustainable, other than that, they can over a formed and poured concrete wall. When the concrete walls formed, the wooden form built from plywood have been constructed, they are always subject to misalignment, even after they have been squared and leveled, because of the flexible nature of the wood. The solid concrete block walls are good in sound insulation. which means the solid concrete block walls are suitable to construct in the library . the solid concrete block wall are good in fire resistant, which means the building not easily to get burnt. Frame Frame most common material is Timber, Reinforced concrete and steel, but steel framed are the most suitable frame structured for the new building, the designed for steel framed is the connection between the separated member treated as either non-rigid or fully rigid joints. Steel are made under factory conditions are subject to british standards. The strength of a steel frame is controlled and established during manufacture. On fire resistance, steel frame have no doubt with the fire resistance, but the still will get weaker in strength when the temperature hit 299 Celsius above. In construction process, still frame can reduced up to 50% compare to the traditional methods, in this result, steel frame can reduces cost during construction process. Steel frames can live straight, but the timber only can move and warp, twist and shrink during and after construction. This considerably reduces in progress maintenance, as there are less call backs for things like plasterboard cracking or framing popping. Steel framing can span long distances, allowing greater design flexibility. Interior walls can be placed without load-bearing considerations compared to timber framing and other framing. Upper floor Last but not least, Concrete Upper floor is my best options to propose the library because they are good in sound insulation between floor to floor, Concrete Upper floor also good in fire resistant, they can ranging for half and hour to 1 hour depend on the floor type. The concrete upper floor have a good quality, the concrete floor can be act as a thermal store which can reduce in the heating price especially the floor heating systems are used. The precast concrete floor can span longer than timber floor, the precast concrete can small span up to 4.6 m in one- way span. Referencing http://www.ehow.com/about_6522371_advantages-solid-concrete-block-wall.html

Appearance Can Be Deceiving

The outer appearance of people is the first thing that can be seen in the beginning. However, when you meet someone you shouldn’t judge him only by the way he looks like, because most of the times it can be deceiving. The beauty of some people can be only a good mask for covering their real faces, their real characters. And the first question that we always ask ourselves when we see people like that is exactly – do they posses nobility, pure soul and intelligence? In some cases, they just glitter with false beauty and seek fools who will befriend them or even fall inlove with them. They have nothing to do with the purity of beauty. Just like beautiful roses which have thorns though and the beautiful and tasty but poisonous apple which the witch give to Snow White in the famous fairy tale of the Grimm Brothers. But in other cases, we can meet nowadays on the streets people who really posses high moral virtue, combined with beauty. Just like some beautiful models that have high education and take part in a lot of charity organizations. And what about the people who haven’t got beautiful outer appearance? Are they low-inteligente or intentioned? In some cases, they are. But in most of the cases, they have beauty inside. They compensate the lag of good outer appearance with the possession of sweet character, kindness and responsivness. Just like an ugly and abominable caterpillar which reveals to us that it is beautiful in its nature, when one day it becomes a gorgeous butterfly. However, we shouldn’t forget the most important thing that the beauty of the people is immeasurable and someone can be beautiful for you but not for the others. There is a good piece in everyone no matter where it is (in the outer appearance or on the inside) and it’s only waiting to be found out by someone. In conclusion, as people say: â€Å"All that glitters is not gold† and â€Å"The eyes lie† so never trust your first impressions, but use your mind and soul to determine whether some is a good person or not.

How American Hisotry X Relates to Political Science Text Think American Government

Lisa _______________ Professor _______________ Political Science 02 Due April 3, 2013 SUMMARY American History X was written by David McKenna and directed by Tony Kaye. Starring Edward Norton as Derek Vinyard, the film was released in 1998. The main idea of the film is the social and political issues of racism. It is a story of how a family is affected by one son’s view of the history of race roles in America, his life within the neo Nazi culture, and finally, after resigning himself to such a lifestyle due to prison reformation, his attempt to pull his younger brother from the same way of violent life.Ultimately, it is a story of the cycles of hate surrounding racism. The film is shown in non-linear narrative where events are given out of chronological order. When going back in time, the audience is given black and white film whereas the present is portrayed in color. Danny Vinyard, is given an assignment to write an essay on the incarceration of the main character, his older brother, Derek. The essay was to entail what led up to the incarceration and how his family was affected. The verbal reflection of his essay is when the audience is shown the film presented in black and white.Also during the verbal reflection, we find out that Derek was incarcerated for the murder of 2 Black thieves who were trying to steal the truck left to him by his late father who was killed by, not without intent of the writer, a Black man a few years prior. With that, the storyline is set up so that we know why Derek and Danny have turned to a life of neo Nazism and why Derek was given a 3 year sentence for going overboard in killing the thieves: the brothers have been affected by the criminality of the Black culture.The essay assigned to Danny, which was due the following day, was an assignment given by Danny’s Black principal after his Jewish teacher reported a questionable essay to him entitled My Mein Kampft. In the 24 hours in which the essay is being written, and narrated to the viewers, we learn the entire story of the brothers’ journeys from average kids, through neo Nazism and back, only to learn their lesson too late when Danny is fatally struck down by a former Black recipient of his race hatred, essay still in hand.American History X correlates to the discussions of the class as well as various points of the class textbook, Think American Government. The film backs up two class discussions thus far in the semester: Khalil Muhammad’s theory on Black criminality in America in addition to Bryan Stevenson’s ideas on the stigma of mass incarceration attached to the Black culture in America.The film also touches on political issues from the text, such as: immigration, the first amendment to The United States Constitution, and Hate-Crimes Legislation. Khalil Muhammad: The timeline of the film literally goes back 24 hours; flashes back 3 years; and historically traces back to both 1863 and 1865 when, respectively, the Ema ncipation Proclamation was signed (proclaiming slaves in Confederate territory to be free forever) and when the first Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was organized.Some may even argue that the story goes back to the beginning of slavery in the United States colonies because those were the first racist acts of early America and upon which America was formed. Khalil Muhammad, a current day Black historian, might argue that the plot of this film traces back to the moment when, in 1865, following the Civil War, European immigrants were given opportunities by the government to stray from their acts of criminality but recently freed Black people were not.Instead, as Muhammad asserts in a Bill Moyers interview, as well as his book, Condemnation of Blackness, Black people were sent to ghetto housing to sort their criminality out on their own, whereas White European immigrants were given social welfare and job opportunities because they were, as Muhammad states, thought of as â€Å"children of Americans who need our help†, but Blacks were thought of as â€Å"naturally morally inferior and had propensity to harm people or steal†.American History X mimics this way of American ideology when Derek preaches, â€Å"We're so hung up on this notion that we have some obligation to help the struggling Black man, you know. Cut him some slack until he can overcome these historical injustices. It's crap. I mean, Christ, Lincoln freed the slaves, like, what- 130 years ago? How long does it take to get your act together? † If Derek had read Damnation of Blackness, he would understand Muhammad’s theory that it has been 130 years (from the end of Civil War to the making of the film) of a race in America that has ontinued to be downtrodden and imprisoned through actions such as Black Codes, Stop and Frisk policy, and the â€Å"invention of the criminal justice system as a repressive tool to keep black people in their place†. That is a hard battle to win. Derek migh t also understand how he fits into Muhammad’s theory that the European race has ideologies of an institutionalized Black race when Derek complains, â€Å"One in every three Black males is in some phase of the correctional system. Is that a coincidence or do these people have, you know, like a racial commitment to crime? † Bryan Stevenson:Not only does such a statement back up Muhammad’s theory about American ideologies, but it also touches on Bryan Stevenson’s argument. In Stevenson’s interview conducted by Bill Moyer, Stevenson states that in order to change the notion that the Black man is a criminal, we must understand the history from where it stems, and we must care about human rights and dignity while we remember that all of our survival â€Å"is tied to the survival of everyone. That our visions of technology, design, entertainment and creativity have to be married with the visions of humanity, compassion and justice†.Derek’s r ant about Black males in the correctional system oozes with Stevenson’s idea that the power of criminality identity among Black culture ultimately came from how American government and Europeans have stigmatized the Black race. In the scene where Derek finds himself in his prison cell begging African American Principal Sweeney to help him, it is not until Sweeney replies, â€Å"Has anything you’ve done made your life better? † that Derek sees the light and begins to make a change toward a life outside neo Nazism. This is a perfect example of the power of identity which is Stevenson’s underlying idea to his theory.Immigration: The writers of American History X touch on the illegal immigration topic as does the text, Think American Government, in chapter 1. The textbook says that, â€Å"critics (of illegal immigrants) charge that undocumented workers drive down wage rates for American citizens† (15). In the film there is a scene in which Derek gives a lecture to his neo Nazi peers on the subject of illegal immigrants to pump them up to terrorize a neighborhood store that has been taken over by a Korean owner who replaced the American workers with 0 illegal immigrants: â€Å"It’s about the hardworking Americans falling through the cracks and getting the shaft because their government cares more about the constitutional rights of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  illegal immigrants. However, the textbook lends a contrasting thought stating â€Å"advocates contend that the United States benefits from†¦ illegal immigration. They argue that undocumented workers take jobs that citizens do not want and that they pay more taxes than they receive in government services† (15). It is also worth noting the difference in illegal immigrant statistics from when the film was released in 1998 until now.According to the U. S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) â€Å"2,830,000 illegal immigrants resided in California in 2011 compared to 2. 5 million in 2000. † In the same scene, Derek states, â€Å"There’s over 2 million illegal immigrants bedding down in (California) tonight†¦ $400 million just to lock up a bunch of illegal immigrant criminals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In an article by BakersfieldNow. com on May 25, 2011, it was estimated, using data from California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation from 2010, that California now spends $1 billion on illegal immigrant prisoners compared to the time the movie was released. irst amendment & Hate-Crimes Legislation: Another point worth noting, from when the movie was released in 1998 until now, is hate-crime laws. Within the Bill of Rights, the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution added in 1791, Amendment 1 states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law†¦ abridging the freedom of speech†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (363). Although the first amendment protects freedom of speech, it is not legal to use freedom of expression during an act of hate crime. The textbook states â€Å"in recent years, many states have adopted hate-crimes legislation, enhancing penalties for persons convicted of crimes motivated by bias† (69).Interestingly, Obama signed a bill in 2009 which was rooted by two hate-crimes of 1998, the year American History X was released, but it was before the movie that the Hate Crimes Statistics Act of 1990 came into effect. According to USA Today, in an article published October 28, 2009 and entitled â€Å"Obama Signs Hate-crimes Law Rooted in Crimes of 1998†, the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act expanded the existing Hate Crimes Statistics Act of 1990 and mandated that it is against the law to attack any person â€Å"based on sexual orientation or gender, in ddition to race, color, religion or national origin†. Matthew Shepard was a gay teenager beat by two Wyoming men in October of 1998, after which he was tied to a fence where he died. In June of the same year, James B yrd Jr. , an African American man, was chained to a truck by three white men in Texas and dragged to his death. Notably, as the text explains increased penalties are given for those charged with hate-crimes, Derek only received 3 years for his hate-crime in the film.In conclusion, I would recommend the film to anyone interested in wanting to broaden their horizons on the race wars in America. I thought it was prudent that Derek verbally gave the stereotypical views of hate mongers in America, but it would be interesting to see how Khalil Muhammad and Bryan Stevenson might add their theories to the dialogs of the Jewish teacher or the Black principal to show America a way of thinking that I believe is not in the public eye as much as it should be. Perhaps a film should come our way from those two aforementioned?

Cruise to The Bahamas - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 850 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/15 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Cruise to The Bahamas During my junior year in high school me, my mom and some of her friends went on a cruise to the Bahamas. It was a three day cruise leaving Miami going to Nassau, Bahamas which is their capital. It was a Thursday night in May 2008 and we had a flight to catch to Miami. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Cruise to The Bahamas" essay for you Create order Even though the boat didn’t leave till the next day in the afternoon, it was best to get there early in case you missed your flight because most cruises aren’t refundable. We ending up flying to Fort Lauderdale airport which was not that far from our hotel which was in Miami. When we touched down in Florida it was beautiful. I’ve been to Florida before but it was when I was young so I didn’t remember anything. It was night time and the palm trees was so pretty and the weather was perfect, especially since I was coming from Michigan. We ended up staying at the hotel which was not to far from the carnival porting dock. When I woke up that friday I was super excited because I knew that I was leaving the country and going to Paradise. We did some shopping in the morning but we had to be on the cruise by four p. m. When the cab pulled up to the boat my jaw dropped. It was a carnival cruise ship that I thought was the size of the titanic. We boarded the ship and went to our room to relax. The ship had more than thirteen floors and multiple decks and pools. The first day I got lost each time I had to go back to my room because the ship was that big. First they had a life jacket drill which just explained what to do if something was too ever happen to the ship. After that that’s when the deck party began. They had karaoke, dancing and just little meet greet activates. Next thing you knew it was time for bed and then the next morning is when I woke up in the Bahamas. I thought I was dreaming because it looked like a scene from a movie or a picture from a calendar. We ate breakfast then finally stepped foot on the actual Bahamas land. The weather was perfect. Next thing you know, a whole bunch of tour guiders starting coming at you like crazy. I thought I was Brittney Spears and they were the paparazzi. They were offering us to go on tours but they started becoming really annoying. We just ignored them and kept on walking. We walked around the Nassau. We went to stores and their version of a flea market which was cool because I grabbed a lot of deals on souvenirs for my family and friends back home. Later in the afternoon we decided to go on the tour. Not everything is the Bahamas is nice. We went to the hood/ghetto and saw how the people lived. Then the tour guider took us to the Atlantis which is a hotel resort with their own private beaches. We walked in the hotel then we went to the beach. The water was so beautiful and clear. I could see the nail art on my toes in the water very clear. We didn’t go very deep in the water because we didn’t want to get our hair wet. In Nassau the shop’s closed early so we ended up going to the mall which reminded me of Northland Mall. Later that night we had to get dressed up for the captains dinner. We met the captains and ate five star meals. It was really nice and we also took professional pictures. They had numerous backdrops to choose from. My mother and my auntie ended up leaving the ship that night and going to a club in Nassau, but I was only seventeen so I couldn’t go so I just sat in the room and walked around the boat. The ship deported at 5 am and I heard a guy got left because he did not make it on he ship in time. Anyways that Sunday was called â€Å"fun day at sea† which was the whole entire day on the sea being on the ship. It looked like we were in the middle of no where but they had so many activities going on for all ages so you couldn’t get bored. I ended up going to the Jacuzzi but somehow it became a pool for little kids which made me irritated because they kept on splashing so I just sat and chilled on the lounge chairs. The night started winding down and we ended up packing our stuff. That Monday morning was our last day on the ship. It was time to go home. I would recommend a cruise to anyone because it lets you go out of the country and its affordable. It was a nice experience. The next cruise I go on will be longer because I really enjoyed myself.